upon the surface of the feeding lattice A in three layers on the top of one another, so as to present to the feed-rollers a uniform fleece equal in thickness to that fed inlo the first scutcher. By thus doubling the laps the fibres are morHermes bagse thoroughly mixed, and the fleece is thereby made more uniform in thickness.
Scutching machines having a revolving beater, composed of two plain bars describing a circle of about 14 in. diameter, were introduced about 1810; and these machines contained also a travelling feed-lattice, two pairs of feedrollers• aud a second travelling lattice for conveying the beaten cotton underneath a perforated revolving cylinder, the interior of which was exhausted by a fan. The cotton passing through this machine was delivered in a loose fleece, and a' few years later a lap machine was added for coiling the fleece into a lap. Other improvements have gradually been introduced up to the present time, as regards both design and Hermes Kellyworkmanship; the cylinders and beaters have been put in perfect balance so as to revolve steadily at the high speed required, and the forms of teeth Hermes outleton the cylinders have been arranged for greater strBirkinength and greater facility of construction; stronger and simpler gearing has been employed, improvements have been made in the form and construction of the bearings of the beaters and other quick revolving shafts, so as to ensure more efficient lubrication, and air-tight dust boxes have been added with movable doors for facility oHermes Birkin f cleaning; and the self-acting arrangements have been introduced for stopping the machine when a given length of fleece has been deHermeslivered, and for regulating the rate of feed according to the thickness of the cotton supplied, so as to dispense with the previous plan of weighing the cotton in feeding. Thus by successive improvements through a long series of years the difficulties which originally presented themselves in the successful adaptation of machinery to cotton cleaning have been overcome.
Cardiiuj.—In the carding process the felted fleece delivered by the lap machine of the scutcher, with its fibres crossed in all directions, is combed out a great number of times so as to straighten the fibres; and the light impurities still adhering to it are taken out, such as short fibres and bits of the moss-like covering of the seeds, which if allowed to remain in the sliver produced by this operation would give a roughness to the yarn. For making coarse yarns one carding process only is employed; but for finer yarns the fleece is first passed through a breaker carding engine, which performs the first rough cardHermes Handbagsing, and the slivers delivered by this are then doubled by laying together a large number of slivers, side by side and overlapping one another, into a new fleece, so